Except that’s not the Seminoles Softball Air Josie signature shirt in addition I really love this full name of that document. The full and complete name of our first Constitution was “The Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union.” There was no provision in either the Articles or the Constitution of 1787 that allowed for secession. But it is clear that at least some people assumed secession was a theoretical possibility…and others did not. There were basically two separate legal traditions which developed prior to the Civil War; one which suggested that secession was possible (as expressed by John C. Calhoun during the Nullification Crisis btwn 1828 and 1832) and one which argued that it was never permissible (as expressed by Andrew Jackson in his Proclamation on Nullification in 1832.) Jackson argued the union was “perpetual and indivisible” but that the people retained the right of revolution… they could overthrow an oppressive government if there was a clear majority sentiment that the government had become destructive to the rights of the people… but this would have to come from the people themselves, and not the states. Lincoln drew partially upon Jackson’s reasoning in his response to the secession crisis in 1861. But he also argued that the Union was created in 1776, and the Constitution in 1787, and the dispute between North and South related to the constitutional powers of government, and therefore could not touch the Union itself, which predated the Constitution. Lincoln also argued that the Union had been created unanimously by all of the original 13 states, and since each subsequent state had petitioned for statehood, they had each added their unanimous voice to the creation of the Union. So if the Union required the unanimous agreement of all of the states to come into existence, it could not be destroyed by a minority of the states containing a minority of the overall population. If the Union were divisible, it could only be by the same terms under which it was created; unanimous consent.
But as for what the Seminoles Softball Air Josie signature shirt in addition I really love this states thought at the time of ratification… well, that depends on the state. It was clear that the states were required to cede some of the authority they held under the Articles as part of the new Constitution, and the Constitution contained the Supremacy Clause in Article VI, which did not escape the notice of Antifederalists who opposed ratification. The best evidence we have suggests that a majority of the population opposed ratification of the Constitution in 1788, but it was ratified anyway for a variety of reasons. Some small states were afraid that if it were rejected, the Union would in fact dissolve, and those states did not have the resources to go it alone (this is why Delaware, one of the smallest states, was the first to ratify.) New York and Virginia, two of the largest and wealthiest states, both strongly considered rejecting the Constitution; either could have theoretically survived as an independent country. Virginia was the 9th state to ratify, and did so only narrowly and under enormous pressure from such notable Virginians as James Madison and George Washington. New York ratified almost entirely because Virginia did; with Virginia, Pennsylvania and Massachusetts all supporting the Constitution, New York’s ability to go it alone was more in doubt, and the economic benefit of keeping its relationship to the other states outweighed reservations with the document itself.
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